The Company is exposed to risks that arise from its use of financial instruments. This note describes the Company’s objectives, policies and processes for managing those risks and the methods used to measure them.

The Company held its cash balances within banks in the U.S. in U.S. dollars and with banks in South Africa in U.S. dollars and South African rand. The Company’s operations are conducted in the U.S. and South Africa. The value of the South African rand against the U.S. dollar may fluctuate with changes in economic conditions.

During the nine months ended August 31, 2024, in comparison to the prior year period, the U.S. dollar on average was stronger in relation to the South African rand, and upon the translation of the Company’s subsidiaries’ revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities held in South African rand.  The Company recorded a translation adjustment gain of $0.4 million and loss of $0.6 million related to the South African rand during the nine months ended August 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.  

The Company’s South African subsidiary revenues, cost of goods sold, operating costs and capital expenditures are denominated in South African rand. Consequently, fluctuations in the U.S. dollar exchange rate against the South African rand increases the volatility of sales, cost of goods sold and operating costs and overall net earnings when translated into U.S. dollars. The Company is not using any forward or option contracts to fix the foreign exchange rates. Using a 10% fluctuation in the U.S. exchange rate, the impact on the loss and stockholders’ equity is not material.

Credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial instrument will cause a financial loss for the other party by failing to discharge an obligation. The financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and the loan receivable from Byrna LATAM. The Company maintains cash with high credit quality financial institutions located in the U.S. and South Africa. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalent balances with financial institutions in the U.S. in excess of amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

The Company is exposed to credit losses on accounts receivable balances. The Company uses a simplified approach to calculate a general provision for credit losses. An allowance is calculated for each aging “bucket,” based on the risk profile of that bucket. The Company revisits the reserve periodically, but no less than quarterly, with the same analytical approach in order to determine if the allowance needs to be increased or decreased, based calculation of each aging bucket.

The Company loaned $1.6 million to Byrna LATAM in January 2023. The Company determines if an estimate for a credit loss on this loan is needed by considering the financial position of Byrna LATAM, the current economic environment, collections on our accounts receivable balances with Byrna LATAM, as well reasonable and supportable forecasts to support the payment of this loan.  The Company reviews these factors quarterly to determine if any adjustments are needed.