SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [Text Block] |
3. |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
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a) |
Use of Estimates
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These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. As the precise determination of assets and liabilities, and revenues and expenses, depends on future events, the preparation of financial statements for any period necessarily involves the use of estimates. Actual amounts may differ from these estimates. Significant estimates include accruals, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, estimates for calculation of stock based compensation, estimating the useful life of its plant and equipment and accounting for conversion features on convertible debt transactions.
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b) |
Income Taxes
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The Company accounts for income taxes under FASB Codification Topic 740-10-25 (“ASC 740-10-25”). Under ASC 740-10-25, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Under ASC 740- 10-25, the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company provides a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets for which it does not consider realization of such assets likely. The Company did not incur any material impact to its financial condition or results of operations due to the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company is subject to U.S federal jurisdiction income tax examinations for the tax years 2007 through 2012. In addition, the Company is subject to state and local income tax examinations for the tax years 2007 through 2012.
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c) |
Revenue Recognition
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The Company’s revenue recognition policies follow common practice in the manufacturing industry. The Company records revenue when it is realized, or realizable and earned. The Company considers revenue to be realized, or realizable and earned, when the following revenue recognition requirements are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; the products or services have been accepted by the customer via delivery or installation acceptance; the sales price is fixed or determinable; and collectability is probable. For product sales, the Company determines that the earnings process is complete when title, risk of loss and the right to use product has transferred to the customer. In addition, the company also recognizes revenue pursuant to a teaming agreement, wherein, if a contract is awarded and executed, revenue is recognized in accordance with the sharing of revenue as set out in the teaming agreement (also refer to note 12).
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d) |
Earnings (Loss) Per Share
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Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the year. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus common stock equivalents (if dilutive) related to stock options and warrants for each year. There were no common equivalent shares outstanding at November 30, 2013 and 2012 that have been included in dilutive loss per share calculation as the effects would have been anti-dilutive. At November 30, 2013, there were
1,510,000
options and
5,542,645
warrants outstanding, which were convertible into equal number of common shares of the Company. At November 30, 2012, there were
1,660,000
options and
4,319,000
warrants outstanding, which were convertible into equal number of common shares of the Company.
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e) |
Cash and cash equivalents
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Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks, and any other highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less. The carrying amounts approximate fair values because of the short maturity of those instruments.
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f) |
Research and Product Development
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Research and Product Development costs, other than capital expenditures but including acquired research and product development costs, are charged against income in the period incurred.
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g) |
Stock-Based Compensation
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All awards granted to employees and non-employees after November 30, 2005 are valued at fair value by using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and recognized on a straight line basis over the service periods of each award. The Company accounts for equity instruments issued in exchange for the receipt of goods or services from other than employees using the estimated fair market value of the consideration received or the estimated fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The value of equity instruments issued for consideration other than employee services is determined on the earlier of a performance commitment or completion of performance by the provider of goods or services. As of November 30, 2013 there was $nil
of unrecognized expense related to non-vested stock-based compensation arrangements granted. The total stock-based compensation expense relating to all employees and non employees for the years ended November 30, 2013 and 2012 was $Nil
and $929,365
respectively.
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h) |
Foreign Currency
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The Company maintains its books, records and banking transactions in U.S. dollars which is its functional and reporting currency. Exchange gains and losses are realized due to the differences in the exchange rate at the transaction date versus the rate in effect at the settlement or balance sheet date. Exchange gains and losses are recorded in the statement of operations.
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i) |
Comprehensive loss
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Comprehensive loss includes all changes in equity (net assets) during a period from non- owner sources. Examples of items to be included in comprehensive loss, which are excluded from net loss, include foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities.
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j) |
Financial Instruments
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The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable and accrued liabilities.
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The Company follows ASC 820-10, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (ASC 820-10), which among other things, defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, a three-tier fair value hierarchy has been established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
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• Level 1—Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.
Assets that are generally included in this category are cash and cash equivalents comprised of money market funds, restricted cash and short-term investments.
• Level 2—Inputs (other than quoted prices included in Level 1) are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life.
• Level 3—Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of November 30, 2013 and 2012 are classified below based on the three fair value hierarchy tiers described above:
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Carrying Value |
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Fair Value |
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November 30, 2013: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
$ |
1,842,149
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$ |
1,842,149
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Accounts receivable |
$ |
20,351
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$ |
20,351
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Prepaid expenses and other receivables |
$ |
45,372
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$ |
7,200
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Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
$ |
106,529
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$ |
106,529
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Carrying Value |
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Fair Value |
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November 30, 2012: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
$ |
232,471
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$ |
232,471
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Accounts receivable |
$ |
-
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$ |
-
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Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
$ |
150,368
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$ |
150,368
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Convertible debentures |
$ |
1,192,639
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$ |
1,192,639
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Cash and cash equivalents have been measured using Level 1 of the Fair Value Hierarchy.
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k) |
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
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Long-lived assets to be held and used are analyzed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates at each balance sheet date whether events and circumstances have occurred that indicate possible impairment. If there are indications of impairment, the Company uses future undiscounted cash flows of the related asset or asset group over the remaining life in measuring whether the assets are recoverable. In the event such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the recorded asset values, the assets are written down to their estimated fair value.
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l) |
Concentration of Credit Risk
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The Company does not have significant off-balance sheet risk or credit concentration.
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m) |
Intellectual Property
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Four patent applications, one for the electrical mechanism and the other three for the mechanical mechanism of the WEP40, have been filed by the Company with the U.S. Patent Office. The Company has been issued four patents.
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(a) Less-lethal Projectile: This issued patent relates to the Company’s distinctive collapsible ammunition head technology that absorbs kinetic energy of the projectile upon impact. The Corporation’s collapsible head is used in both the BIP and the WEP.
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(b) Electronic Circuitry for Incapacitating a Living Target: This issued patent relates to the electronic circuitry incapacitation system which forms part of the WEP. The patent describes an electronic circuit which provides an electrical incapacitation current to a living target.
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(c) Less-lethal Wireless Stun Projectile System for Immobilizing a Target by Neuro-Muscular Disruption: This issued patent describes the process by which the WEP operates with its attachment system to halt a target through a neuro-muscular-disruption system.
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(d) Autonomous Operation of a Less-lethal Projectile: This pending patent describes a motion sensing system within the WEP. The sensor will monitor movement of the target and enable the electrical output until the target is subdued. The electrical pulse is programmed for an exact time-frame to specifications of the user.
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The Company's policy is to write off patent costs as they are incurred.
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n) |
Plant and Equipment
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Plant and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided commencing in the month following acquisition using the following annual rate and method:
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Computer equipment |
30% declining balance method
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Furniture and fixtures |
30% declining balance method
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Leasehold Improvements |
straight line over period of lease |
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Moulds |
20% Straight line over
5
years
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o) |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
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In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-11 (ASU2011-11),
Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities,
which requires certain additional disclosure requirements about financial instruments and derivatives instruments that are subject to netting arrangements. The new disclosures are required for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, and interim periods within those periods. The adoption of this update did not have an impact on the financial statements of the Company.
In August 2012, the FASB issued ASU 2012-03,
Technical Amendments and Corrections to SEC Sections: Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 114, Technical Amendments Pursuant to SEC Release No. 33-9250, and Corrections Related to FASB Accounting Standards Update 2010-22 (SEC Update)
in Accounting Standards Update No. 2012-03. This update amends various SEC paragraphs pursuant to the issuance of SAB No. 114. The adoption of ASU 2012-03 is not expected to have a material impact on the financial position or results of operations.
In October 2012, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2012-04,
Technical Corrections and Improvements
in Accounting Standards Update No. 2012-04. The amendments in this update cover a wide range of topics in the Accounting Standards Codification. These amendments include technical corrections and improvements to the Accounting Standards Codification and conforming amendments related to fair value measurements. The amendments in this update will be effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2012. The adoption of ASU
2012
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04
is not expected to have a material impact on the financial position or results of operations.
In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-04, "
Liabilities (Topic 405): Obligations Resulting from Joint and Several Liability Arrangements for which the Total Amount of the Obligation Is Fixed at the Reporting Date
." This ASU addresses the recognition, measurement, and disclosure of certain obligations resulting from joint and several arrangements including debt arrangements, other contractual obligations, and settled litigation and judicial rulings. This ASU is effective for public entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this guidance.
In March 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-05, "
Foreign Currency Matters (Topic 830): Parent's Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity
." This ASU addresses the accounting for the cumulative translation adjustment when a parent either sells a part or all of its investment in a foreign entity or no longer holds a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets that is a nonprofit activity or a business within a foreign entity. The guidance outlines the events when cumulative translation adjustments should be released into net income and is intended by FASB to eliminate some disparity in current accounting practice. This ASU is effective prospectively for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this guidance.
In July 2013, the FASB issued2013-11,
Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carry forward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carry forward Exists
(ASU
2013
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11), which requires entities to present an unrecognized tax benefit as a reduction of a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss (“NOL”) or tax credit carry forward whenever the NOL or tax credit carry forward would be available to reduce the additional taxable income or tax due if the tax position is disallowed. This accounting standard update requires entities to assess whether to net the unrecognized tax benefit with a deferred tax asset as of the reporting date. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2013, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this guidance.
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