The Company is exposed to risks that arise from its use of financial instruments. This note describes the Company’s objectives, policies and processes for managing those risks and the methods used to measure them.

The Company held its cash balances within banks in the US in US dollars and with banks in South Africa in US dollars and South African rand.  The value of the South African rand against the US dollar may fluctuate with the changes in economic conditions.

During the years ended November 30, 2024 and 2023, the US dollar weakened in relation to the South African rand, and upon the translation of the Company’s subsidiaries’ revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and intercompany loan held in South African rand, respectively. As a result, the Company recorded a translation adjustment loss of $0.6 million and $0.4 million primarily related to the South African rand during the years ended November 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company’s South African subsidiary's revenues, cost of goods sold, operating costs and capital expenditures are denominated in South African rand. Consequently, fluctuations in the US dollar exchange rate against the South African rand increases the volatility of sales, cost of goods sold and operating costs and overall net earnings when translated into US dollars. The Company is not using any forward or option contracts to fix the foreign exchange rates. Using a 10% fluctuation in the US exchange rate, the impact on the loss and stockholders’ equity (deficit) is not material. 

Credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial instrument will cause a financial loss for the other party by failing to discharge an obligation. The financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable, and the loan receivable from Byrna LATAM. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents with high credit quality financial institutions located in the US and South Africa. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents balances along with marketable securities with financial institutions in the US in excess of amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

The Company provides credit to its customers in the normal course of its operations. It carries out, on a continuing basis, credit checks on its customers. As of November 30, 2024, two of the Company's customers accounted for approximately 36% of total accounts receivable. As of  November 30, 2023, one customer accounted for 12% of total accounts receivable.

The Company loaned $1.6 million to Byrna LATAM in January 2023. The Company determines if an estimate for a credit loss on this loan is needed by considering the financial position of Byrna LATAM, the current economic environment, collections on our accounts receivable balances with Byrna LATAM, as well reasonable and supportable forecasts to support the payment of this loan. The Company reviews these factors quarterly to determine if any adjustments are needed.